MAJOR GOVERNMENT POLICIES (NEP)
Next, the formulation and implementation of policies is
determined by consistent values of socio-economic and political state at a
time. Due to its dynamic nature, changing government policies, according to the
community and leadership from time to time. However, basically the government's
policies are formulated and implemented to meet the socio-economic objectives
such as economic growth, income distribution, stability and general wellbeing.
In Malaysia, the government's policies, particularly the policies of development
with the objective of achieving goals such as 2020 for the purpose of making
Malaysia a developed industrial country and has many features. Not only that,
the government also implemented a policy is aimed at achieving the goals of the
National Development Policy (NDP) and economic growth and equitable
distribution.
Among the policies undertaken by the government is the New
Economics Policy (NEP), the National Development Policy which this policy is
established with the aim to strengthen our economy Malaysia. While social
policy created is the National Education Policy and the Look East Policy.
Moreover, the government has also formulate foreign policies with the purpose
of safeguarding the interests of Malaysia in terms of economic and social policy
is the Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality (ZOPFAN) and Antarctic Policy.
New Economic Policy (NEP)
NEP is a socio-economic program, which was introduced in
Malaysia in 1971 by Prime Minister Tun Abdul Razak Dato 'Hussein. Explicit goal
of the NEP was to achieve national unity and national integration and it has
been drafted in the context of a two-pronged strategy to reduce and eventually
eradicate poverty by increasing income and increasing employment opportunities
for all Malaysians regardless of race and accelerate the process of
restructuring Malaysian society to correct economic imbalances so as to reduce
and eventually eliminate the identification of race with economic function.
This policy has been replaced by the National Development Policy (NDP) in 1991,
however, the elements of this policy is still in place and will be replaced
gradually when the natives have to have confidence.
History Of NEP
Implementation British divide and rule policy has aggravated
the social cohesion in Malaya. Racial classification refers to employment and
education systems to avoid interaction between different population in Malaya,
comprising three main clumps code text of the Malays, Chinese and Indians.
Through this policy the Malays mostly residing in rural areas (villages) and
worked as farmers and fishermen, the Chinese people living in urban areas and
mining as well as working as a dealer and tin miners, while the Indians mostly
live in the farms and worked as a laborer, has indirectly created suspiciously
suspicious of each other, which is a time bomb at the heart of events May 13,
1969.
Bloody events that occurred on May 13, 1969 has revealed the
true manifestation of the three largest ethnic feelings in Malaysia. Since the
country gained independence on August 31, 1957, found the Malays still far
behind in terms of control of the economy and education in Malaya, as the
majority of the Malays living in rural areas. While the Chinese to master the
more advanced business and other economic areas as they live in urban areas and
in control of mining. Thus arise the awareness among the Malays who feel that
they have been left behind and marginalized in their own land due to poverty.
For the Chinese and Indians, they worry about the conditions of citizenship
rights even though some of them were willing to shed loyalty to Malaya.
Since the Japanese occupation during the Second World War,
the Japanese adopted a policy of anti-Chinese and pro-Malay and angered Chinese
prejudices against the Malays. When Japan surrendered, and before the arrival
of the British, the Chinese, a majority of members of the Three Stars
(Communist Party) took the opportunity for revenge. Also aggravating is
because, most of the Chinese people and the Communist Party of Malaya Malay
majority to the security forces during the Emergency period in 1948-1960.
Separation of Singapore from Malaysia in 1965 as a result of
the concept of "Malaysia for Malaysians" who were not directly
dispute the position and privileges of the Malays has diapi-inflammatory by Lee
Kuan Yew sparked anti-Chinese and anti-Malay. Events eventually lead to the
bloody May 13, 1969 It has claimed many lives and properties are manifestations
of inter-ethnic relations in Malaya which is waiting on crack. Events May 13,
1969 occurred as soon as the 1969 general election results are known.
Chaos and bloodshed that occurred on May 13, 1969 that has
forced the government to declare a state of emergency. His Majesty the Yang
di-Pertuan Agong on the advice of the then prime minister immediately declared
a state of emergency throughout the country. effective May 16, 1969 Declaration
has resulted in a parliamentary system is suspended. On the recommendation of
the Prime Minister, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong has appointed Tun Razak bin Dato
Hussein, Deputy Prime Minister at that time as director of the National
Operations Council (NOC), which is responsible for exercising the powers of the
Federal government on the authority delegated by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
National Consultative Council was established to ensure the
effectiveness of the NOC, the National Consultative Council is responsible to
discuss and examine issues of national unity and to find ways to solve the
problem of a plural society. The Council found that one of the most significant
problems identified are structural plural society in Malaysia. It appears
society is still divided on the basis of race, religion and occupation. Unity
is to be achieved not only with the consolidation race but is found economic
and social integration also needs to be done. In connection with the National
Consultative Council has agreed to establish a national ideology that became
known as the Pillars of the five key principles of belief in God, loyalty to
king and country, the supremacy of the constitution, rule of law and decency
and literature
DEB formation
NEP also established through the National Consultative
Council as a catalyst to eradicate poverty and restructure society. National
Consultative Council has also proposed to the government to create the
Department of National Unity to implement the activities of the Council in the
form of goodwill Goodwill and Goodwill office at the federal, state, county and
regions have been established under the provisions of the Essential Regulations
(Goodwill Councils) Act 1969 which was gazetted on July 18, 1969.
Development plans under the NEP as we know it is organized
and carried out through a two-pronged to reduce and eventually eradicate
poverty by memperbanyakan employment opportunities to all people regardless of
race and restructuring society to reduce and eventually eliminate the
identification of race with functions.
Poverty is the main reason that caused feeling of
dissatisfaction among the people. It is not only in rural but also urban. This
could threaten national unity because the problem of poverty is by people with
the highest poverty rate among the Malays, who focused on traditional
agricultural activities. Attempts have been made to solve the problem of
economic and social development projects have been developed in order to create
jobs for all those people who are unemployed, increasing productivity and
income, transfer opportunities people working in low productivity sector to a
more lucrative sector, reduce income disparity between races between rural and
urban areas and between regions, the modernization of rural life, creating a
group of indigenous enterprise and trade, organized work environment that
reflects the racial composition in Malaysia and finally to improve the standard
and quality of life through health education as , training, facilities and
other infrastructure.
It is the government's intention that by 1990 the ownership
of shares or the economy will reflect the composition of the importance of race
in this country, where indigenous participation of 30%, non-indigenous 40% and
30% of investors from abroad. In NEP achieve this restructuring, several
strategies have been compiled, by increasing productivity and living standards
of the poor through the process of modernizing the rural areas, reducing the
imbalances in the structure of employment which are now on a progressive basis
and through the growth of the economy as a whole so that in 1990 the labor
force reflects the number of people. In the implementation of the NEP can also
add even more quickly in the Malaysian capital ownership in the company stock
and economic growth. In addition, the NEP would also establish a commercial and
industrial community among the Malays and Bumiputeras in order to develop and
own 30% of the economy in 1990 and set out a number of agencies such as MARA,
Bank of Development, Bank Bumiputera and Amanah Saham Nasional and finally
develop states and regions that are considered backward through the development
of new territories like virgin, IMR, KEJORA, KEDA and others.
New Economic Policy with the aim of national unity through
the process of eradicating poverty and restructuring in the context of national
security mesyarakat strong. All national development programs and policies of
the current government introduced are designed and implemented to achieve the
above goals. This requires not only strong efforts from the government and
staff, but it would require a change of attitude, energy and minds of the
people from various sectors, especially the private sector.
DISEDIAKAN OLEH : WAN AIMUNI BT WAN ABD WAHAB
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